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Context: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), an established and minimally invasive therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, has become an important treatment strategy. However, tumor aggressiveness remains a common problem. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to play an important role in this process. Design and Aims: Due to limited sample volumes harvested from patients, we established a heat-treated cell line and a mouse model to investigate the mechanisms of incomplete ablation in EMT. Materials and Methods: We heat-treated H22 and HepG2 cells using a water bath to determine a suitable temperature for incomplete RFA. Male BALB/c mice were orthotopically transplanted with H22 cells and then subjected to incomplete ablation. Changes in the EMT biomarkers were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Statistical Analysis: The experimental results are expressed as means ± standard deviations. Results: Incomplete RFA promoted EMT, downregulated E-cadherin, upregulated vimentin and Snail, and enhanced the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-6 secretion increased after heat treatment in the H22 cells. AG490, an IL-6 inhibitor, inhibited the occurrence of EMT. Conclusions: Insufficient ablation performed at low temperature successfully induces EMT and promotes tumor aggressiveness, which is mediated by the IL-6/STAT3/Snail pathway in both cell and mouse models.
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In recent years, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has risen year by year, leading to a high mortality rate. At present, surgical treatment is the major cure for HCC, and in general, HCC is diagnosed at late stages. Due to the heterogeneity of HCC and different sensitivities to drugs, the treatment efficacy of advanced HCC is poor. In this paper, we retrospectively analyzed the prog-ress of HCC treatments and reviewed important progression, which provides new view for the clinical improvement of the total surviv-al of patients with HCC.
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Objective To observe the effect of curcumin combined with cisplatin on the proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca?8113 cells,and explore the possible mechanism of their anti?tumor effect in vitro. Methods In this study,the samples were divided into four groups:curcumin,cisplatin,curcumin combined with cisplatin,and control. Detection of rate of inhibition of Tca?8113 cell proliferation was carried out by MTT assay. This was followed by observation of the morphological changes of the nuclei by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining. Subse?quently,cellular apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry,and expression of Notch1 and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)was examined by Western blotting. Results Results of MTT assay showed that curcumin combined with cisplatin inhibited the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma to a greater extent than either curcumin or cisplatin alone(P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that,unlike curcumin or cisplatin alone,curcumin combined with cisplatin noticeably induced apoptosis(P<0.05). Results of Western blotting revealed that the expres?sion of Notch1 was upregulated,whereas the expression of EGFR was downregulated to a greater extent in the control group than in cells treated with curcumin or cisplatin alone. Unlike curcumin and cisplatin groups,the combined group revealed statistically significant expressions of Notch1 and EGFR(P<0.05). Conclusion Curcumin and cisplatin have a combined effect on inhibition of proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca?8113 cells. The mechanism may be related to upregulation of the Notch1 signaling pathway and downregulation of the EGFR signal?ing pathway.
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Objectives To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of antioxidant TBHQ on renal damage caused by doxorubicin chemotherapy in mice with hepatic cancer. Methods Cell H22 of mice with hepatic cancer which was subcultured for three times was subcutaneously transplanted to the groin of right lower limb of 45 SPF Kunming mice to establish the transplanted tumor model. The doxorubicin chemotherapy group and antioxidant intervention group received intraperitoneal injection of ADM (1 mg/kg·0.2 mL/2 d). The model control group received normal saline (NS) of the same volume at the same time. 1% TBHQ was added into the diet of mice of the antioxidant intervention group. Seven weeks later, morning urines and peripheral blood were randomly collected to detect UAlb, UCr, BUN, Scr and UAlb/Cr levels. All mice were beheaded. The renal tissues were made into homogenate, and SOD, T-AOC and MDA content in tissues were detected followed by cell lysis. All data were processed using SPSS19.0. Results The UAlb/Cr, BUN, Scr and MDA of doxorubicin chemotherapy group were significantly higher those of model control group and the activities of SOD, T-AOC in doxorubicin chemotherapy group were lower than those of model control group (P < 0.01). The UAlb/Cr, BUN, Scr and MDA of antioxidant intervention group were lower than those of doxorubicin chemotherapy group and the activities of SOD, T-AOC of antioxidant intervention group were higher than those of doxorubicin chemotherapy group doxorubicin chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). The BUN of model control group was higher than that of blank group, and T-AOC was lower than that of blank group, and difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions Doxorubicin chemotherapy could lead to abnormal antioxidant capacity and renal function of tumor-bearing mice with hepatic cancer. TBHQ antioxidant intervention could effectively improve the antioxidant capacity of renal tissue and reduce the renal damage caused by doxorubicin to some extent.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of antioxidant TBHQ on renal damage caused by doxorubicin chemotherapy in mice with hepatic cancer.@*METHODS@#Cell H22 of mice with hepatic cancer which was subcultured for three times was subcutaneously transplanted to the groin of right lower limb of 45 SPF Kunming mice to establish the transplanted tumor model. The doxorubicin chemotherapy group and antioxidant intervention group received intraperitoneal injection of ADM (1 mg/kg·0.2 mL/2 d). The model control group received normal saline (NS) of the same volume at the same time. 1% TBHQ was added into the diet of mice of the antioxidant intervention group. Seven weeks later, morning urines and peripheral blood were randomly collected to detect UAlb, UCr, BUN, Scr and UAlb/Cr levels. All mice were beheaded. The renal tissues were made into homogenate, and SOD, T-AOC and MDA content in tissues were detected followed by cell lysis. All data were processed using SPSS19.0.@*RESULTS@#The UAlb/Cr, BUN, Scr and MDA of doxorubicin chemotherapy group were significantly higher those of model control group and the activities of SOD, T-AOC in doxorubicin chemotherapy group were lower than those of model control group (P < 0.01). The UAlb/Cr, BUN, Scr and MDA of antioxidant intervention group were lower than those of doxorubicin chemotherapy group and the activities of SOD, T-AOC of antioxidant intervention group were higher than those of doxorubicin chemotherapy group doxorubicin chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). The BUN of model control group was higher than that of blank group, and T-AOC was lower than that of blank group, and difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Doxorubicin chemotherapy could lead to abnormal antioxidant capacity and renal function of tumor-bearing mice with hepatic cancer. TBHQ antioxidant intervention could effectively improve the antioxidant capacity of renal tissue and reduce the renal damage caused by doxorubicin to some extent.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the technique and the clinical effect of folding roof and rotary pushing in treatment of children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back".</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2012 to February 2014,38 children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back" were treated by using the technique of folding roof and rotary pushing to reset and splint fixation including 23 males and 15 females with an average age of 9.5 years old ranging from 6 to 14 years old. Injury time was from 45 min to 3 days (averaged 1.3 days). All cases was unilateral closed fracture without symptoms of nerve injury occurred. The wrist joint anteroposterior and lateral radiographs showed double fracture of radius and ulna, and the broken end of radius was typical "back to back" displacement. The quality of reduction was assessed according to Dienst recommendation on the combination of Aro measurement, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated using standard of Anderson function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 3 to 13 months with an average of 6 months. There were no iatrogenic nerve injury. Thirty cases were treated successfully for the first time, 8 cases were again reset successfully; 28 cases were anatomical reduction, 7 cases were near anatomic reduction, 3 cases were functional reduction. At the second day 7 cases with hand and finger swelling appeared in multiple reset patients. Quality results of reduction were excellent in 33 cases, good in 5 cases. According to the standard of Anderson function evaluation, 35 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good. All fractures were healed with of deformity of wrist.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using the technique of folding roof and rotary pushing in treatment of children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back" is very successful, the patient's limb function recovered well, the whole operation process is simple.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Fracture Healing , Radius Fractures , General Surgery , Ulna Fractures , General SurgeryABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a novel, extensive class of small RNAs (approximately 21 nucleotides), and play important gene-regulation roles during growth and development in various organisms. Here we conducted a homology search to identify homologs of previously validated miRNAs from silkworm genome. We identified 24 potential miRNA genes, and gave each of them a name according to the common criteria. Interestingly, we found that a great number of newly identified miRNAs were conserved in silkworm and Drosophila, and family alignment revealed that miRNA families might possess single nucleotide polymorphisms. miRNA gene clusters and possible functions of complement miRNA pairs are discussed.